The Group`s interim accounts have been prepared in accordance with adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), approved by the EU as at 31 December 2022. The interim report has been prepared in compliance with IAS 34 Interim Reporting and in accordance with accounting principles and methods applied in the 2021 Financial statements.

The accounts are presented in Norwegian kroner (NOK), which is also the parent bank`s and subsidiaries` functional currency. All amounts are stated in NOK million unless stated otherwise. 

Sparebanken Møre calculates and reports capital adequacy in compliance with the EU’s capital requirements regulation and directive (CRD/CRR). Sparebanken Møre is granted permission from the Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway (FSA) to use internal rating methods, IRB Foundation for credit risk. Calculations regarding market risk are performed using the standardised approach and for operational risk the basic indicator approach is used.

The EU Banking Package was enacted in Norway on 1 June 2022 and resulted in several changes such as the expansion of the SME discount and the introduction of a minimum NSFR requirement. On 21 December 2021, Sparebanken Møre applied to the Financial Supervisory Authority to make changes to the bank’s IRB models and calibration framework. The bank received a preliminary response to the application on 13 July 2022 and responded to this on 14 December 2022. The Board is awaiting a final response from the Financial Supervisory Authority to the application that has been submitted.

Sparebanken Møre has a total requirement for Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio (CET1) of 13.7 per cent. The requirement consists of a minimum requirement of 4.5 per cent, a capital conservation buffer of 2.5 per cent, a systemic risk buffer of 3.0 per cent and a countercyclical capital buffer of 2.0 per cent. In addition, the FSA has set an individual Pillar 2 requirement for Sparebanken Møre of 1.7 per cent, as well as an expectation of a capital margin of 1.25 per cent.The FSA has informed the bank that it plans to implement SREP in 2023. At least 56.25 per cent of the new Pillar 2 requirement that results from the aforementioned SERP must be met with Common Equity Tier 1 capital, while 75 per cent must be met with Tier 1 capital.

Norges Bank has decided to increase the countercyclical buffer to 2.5 per cent with effect from 31 March 2023. The Ministry of Finance has stated that the systemic risk buffer requirement will be increased from 3.0 per cent to 4.5 per cent with effect from 31 December 2023 for banks using the standardised approach and IRB basic.

Sparebanken Møre has an internal target for the CET1 ratio to equal the sum of Pillar 1, Pillar 2 and the Pillar 2 Guidance.

MREL
One key element of the BRRD II (Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive) is that capital instruments and debt can be written down and/or converted to equity (bail-in). The Financial Institutions Act, therefore, requires the bank to meet a minimum requirement regarding the sum of its own funds and convertible debt at all times (MREL – minimum requirement for own funds and eligible liabilities) such that the bank has sufficient primary capital and convertible debt to cope with a crisis without the use of public funds.

The MREL requirement must be covered by own funds or debt instruments with a lower priority than ordinary, unsecured, non-prioritised debt (senior debt). The subordination requirement (lower priority) must be met in full by no later than 1 January 2024. Until then, senior debt with a remaining term to maturity of more than one year can be used to help meet the subordination requirement. The overall subordination requirement must as a minimum be phased in linearly. From 1 January 2022, the effective subordination requirement is 20 per cent of the adjusted risk-weighted assets.

The FSA has set Sparebanken Møre’s effective MREL-requirement as at 01.01.2023 at 32.4 per cent and the minimum subordination requirement at 23.5 per cent. Based on the set capital requirements and announced changes that will come into force by 1 January 2024, Sparebanken Møre will operate on the basis of an effective MREL-requirement for 35.9 per cent and a subordination requirement of 28.9 per cent. 

At the end of the 4th quarter of 2022, Sparebanken Møre has issued NOK 2,000 million in senior non-preferred debt (SNP).

Methodology for measuring expected credit losses (ECL) according to IFRS 9
Sparebanken Møre has developed an ECL model based on the Group’s IRB parameters and applies a three-stage approach when assessing ECL on loans to customers and financial guarantees in accordance with IFRS 9.

Stage 1: At initial recognition and if there’s no significant increase in credit risk, the commitment is classified in stage 1 with 12-months ECL.

Stage 2: If a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition is identified, but without evidence of loss, the commitment is transferred to stage 2 with lifetime ECL measurement.

Stage 3: If the credit risk increases further, including evidence of loss, the commitment is transferred to stage 3 with lifetime ECL measurement. The commitment is considered to be credit-impaired. As opposed to stage 1 and 2, effective interest rate in stage 3 is calculated on net impaired commitment (total commitment less expected credit loss) instead of gross commitment.

Staging is performed at account level and implies that two or more accounts held by the same customer can be placed in different stages. If a customer has one account in stage 3 (risk classes K, M or N), all of the customer’s accounts will migrate to stage 3.

Customers in risk class N have been subject to individual loss assessment with impairment. In connection with individual loss assessment, 3 scenarios based on calculation of the weighted present value of future cash flow after realisation of collateral are prepared. If the weighted present value of cash flow after realisation of collateral is positive, model-based loss provisions according to the ECL model is used.

An increase in credit risk reflects both customer-specific circumstances and development in relevant macro factors for the particular customer segment. The assessment of what is considered to be a significant increase in credit risk is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators, as well as “backstops” (see separate section regarding “backstops”).

Quantitative criteria
A significant increase in credit risk is determined by comparing the PD at the reporting date with PD at initial recognition. If the actual PD is higher than initial PD, an assessment is made of whether the increase is significant.

Significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition is considered to have occurred when either

• PD has increased by 100 per cent or more and the increase in PD is more than 0.5 percentage points (if initial PD <1 %), or
• PD has increased by 100 % or more or the increase in PD is higher than 2 percentage points (if initial PD was >/= 1 %)

The weighted, macro adjusted PD in year 1 is used for comparison with PD on initial recognition to determine whether the credit risk has increased significantly.

Qualitative criteria
In addition to the quantitative assessment of a changes in the PD, a qualitative assessment is made to determine whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk, for example, if the commitment is subject to special monitoring.

“Backstops”
Credit risk is always considered to have increased significantly if the following events, “backstops”, have occurred:

• the customer’s contractual payments are 30 days past due
• the customer has been granted forbearance measures due to financial distress, though it is not severe enough to be individually assessed in stage 3.  

 Significant reduction in credit risk – recovery
A customer migrates from stage 2 to stage 1 if:

• The criteria for migration from stage 1 to stage 2 is no longer present, and
• This is satisfied for at least one subsequent month (total 2 months)

A customer migrates from stage 3 to stage 1 or stage 2 if the customer no longer meets the conditions for migration to stage 3:

• The customer migrates to stage 2 if more than 30 days in default.
• Otherwise, the customer migrates to stage 1.

Accounts that are not subject to the migration rules above are not expected to have significant change in credit risk and retain the stage from the previous month.

Scenarios
Three scenarios are developed: Best, Basis and Worst. For each of the scenarios, expected values of different parameters are given, for each of the next five years. The possibility for each of the scenarios to occur is also estimated. After five years, the scenarios are expected to converge to a long-term stable level.

Changes to PD as a result of scenarios, may also affect the staging.

Definition of default, credit-impaired and forbearance
The definition of default has been amended from 1 January 2021 and has been extended to include breaches of special covenants and agreed payment reliefs (forbearance). The new default definition has not changed the Group’s assessment of credit risk associated with individual exposures, and there is therefore no significant effect on the Group’s losses.

A commitment is defined to be in default and credit-impaired (non-performing) if a claim is more than 90 days overdue and the overdue amount exceeds the highest of 1 per cent of the exposure (loans and undrawn credits) and NOK 1,000 for the retail market and NOK 2,000 for the corporate market. Breaches of covenants can also trigger default.

A commitment is also defined to be credit-impaired (non-performing) if the commitment, as a result of a weakening of the debtor's creditworthiness, has been subject to an individual assessment, resulting in a lifetime ECL in stage 3.

A commitment is defined to be subject to forbearance (payment relief due to payment difficulties) if the bank agrees to changes in the terms and conditions as a result of the debtor having problems meeting payment obligations. Performing forbearance (not in default) is placed in stage 2 whereas non-performing (defaulted) forbearance is placed in stage 3.

As part of the process of granting payment relief, a specific, individual assessment is made of whether the application for payment relief is ‘forbearance’ and whether the loan should thus migrate to stage 2 (performing) or stage 3 (non-performing) in the Group’s ECL model.

Management override
Quarterly review meetings evaluate the basis for the accounting of ECL losses. If there are significant events that will affect an estimated loss which the model has not taken into account, relevant factors in the ECL model will be overridden. An assessment is made of the level of long-term PD and LGD in stage 2 and stage 3 under different scenarios, as well as an assessment of macro factors and weighting of scenarios.

Consequences of increased macroeconomic uncertainty and measurement of expected credit loss (ECL) for loans and guarantees
Pursuant to the accounting rules (IAS 34), interim financial reports must provide an explanation of events and transactions that are significant to an understanding of the changes in financial position and performance of an entity since the last annual report. The information related to these events and transactions must take into account relevant information presented in the most recent annual report.

The bank’s loss provisions reflect expected credit loss (ECL) pursuant to IFRS 9. When assessing ECL, the relevant conditions at the time of reporting and expected economic developments are taken into account.

Price inflation has risen rapidly through 2022 and has been significantly higher than estimated by Norges Bank. Inflation is clearly above Norges Bank’s target, and it is anticipated that it will remain high for longer than previously estimated. The job market is tight, but there are clear indications of a turnaround in the Norwegian economy. Less pressure in the economy will contribute to curbing price inflation. Capacity problems in production as a result of the reopening of the economy in combination with increased energy prices and raw material prices have led to rising inflation. Increased uncertainty about economic development and interest rate hikes have led to a sharp rise in market interest rates internationally.

There are prospects of lower commercial property prices, but there may be large geographical variations. While the required rate of return for some commercial properties in Oslo has been at a record low level, the required rate of return on properties in Møre og Romsdal has not changed appreciably. Sparebanken Møre has not changed the lower required rate of return on commercial property in its credit policy during the period of record low interest rates. This has contributed to a relatively solid equity ratio for commercial properties.

Projections for rental price inflation and required rate of return are expected to result in a fall in selling prices on commercial property in the years ahead.

Low required rates of return make commercial property prices particularly vulnerable to higher interest rates or risk premiums. An abrupt increase in the required rate of return may lead to a marked fall in selling prices. Many commercial real estate companies have high debt-to-income ratios, and higher interest rates will lead to a larger portion of the income being spent on servicing debt.

In the Group’s calculations of expected credit loss (ECL), the macroeconomic scenarios and the weightings have been impacted by the changes in economic conditions in the first half of 2022. The probability of a pessimistic scenario is increased from 10 per cent to 20 per cent, the base case scenario is 70 per cent and the best case scenario is reduced from 20 per cent to 10 per cent.

The model-based provisions have increased in the quarter, which is attributed to increased uncertainty in the retail market due to increased energy prices, interest costs and general price increases in society. Overall, this will increase household expenses, reduce purchasing power and potentially increase default somewhat in the future. Overall, the level of model-based provisions is assessed as robust.

So far, no significant increase in arrears and forbearance has been observed as a result of increased interest costs and higher inflation. In the 4th quarter of 2022, there has been an increase in applications for payment holidays and reduced term payments.

The decrease in the individually assessed provisions in stage 3 in 2022 is primarily attributed to positive risk development on commitments in the offshore/supply sector.

The following table lists commission income and costs covered by IFRS 15 broken down by the largest main items and allocated per segment.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the balance sheet at the date when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A financial asset is derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or the company transfers the financial asset in such a way that risk and profit potential of the financial asset is substantially transferred. Financial liabilities are derecognised from the date when the rights to the contractual provisions have been extinguished, cancelled or expired.

CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT
The Group’s portfolio of financial instruments is at initial recognition classified in accordance with IFRS 9. Financial assets are classified in one of the following categories:  

• Amortised cost
• Fair value with value changes through the income statement

The classification of the financial assets depends on two factors:

• The purpose of the acquisition of the financial instrument
• The contractual cash flows from the financial assets

Financial assets measured at amortised cost
The classification of the financial assets assumes that the following requirements are met:

• The asset is acquired to receive contractual cash flows
• The contractual cash flows consist solely of principal and interest

All lending and receivables, except fixed interest rate loans, are recorded in the group accounts at amortised cost, based on expected cash flows. The difference between the issue cost and the settlement amount at maturity, is amortised over the lifetime of the loan.

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
Debt securities, including debt securities included in fair value hedging, loans and deposits from credit institutions and deposits from customers, are valued at amortised cost based on expected cash flows. The portfolio of own bonds is shown in the accounts as a reduction of the debt.

Financial instruments measured at fair value, any changes in value recognised through the income statement
The Group's portfolio of bonds in the liquidity portfolio is classified at fair value through the income statement. The portfolio is held solely for liquidity management and is traded to optimize returns within current quality requirements for the liquidity portfolio.

The Group’s portfolio of fixed interest rate loans is measured at fair value to avoid accounting mismatch in relation to the underlying interest rate swaps.

Fixed interest rate deposits from customers with maturities in excess of one year are classified at fair value and secured by interest rate swaps.

Financial derivatives are contracts signed to mitigate an existing interest rate or currency risk incurred by the Group. Financial derivatives are recognised at fair value through the income statement and recognised gross per contract as an asset or a liability.

The Group’s portfolio of shares is measured at fair value with any value changes through the income statement.

Losses and gains as a result of value changes on assets and liabilities measured at fair value, with any value changes being recognised in the income statement, are included in the accounts during the period in which they occur.

LEVELS IN THE VALUATION HIERARCHY
Financial instruments are classified into different levels based on the quality of market data for each type of instrument.

Level 1 – Valuation based on prices in an active market
Level 1 comprises financial instruments valued by using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. This category includes listed shares, as well as bonds and certificates in LCR-level 1, traded in active markets.

Level 2 – Valuation based on observable market data
Level 2 comprises financial instruments valued by using information which is not quoted prices, but where prices are directly or indirectly observable for assets or liabilities, including quoted prices in inactive markets for identical assets or liabilities. This category includes derivatives, as well as bonds which are not included in level 1.

Level 3 – Valuation based on other than observable market data
Level 3 comprises financial instruments which cannot be valued based on directly or indirectly observable prices. This category includes loans to customers, as well as shares.

A change in the discount rate of 10 basis points will have an impact of about NOK 9.1 million on loans with fixed interest rate.

The debt securities of the Group consist of covered bonds quoted in Norwegian kroner (NOK) and Euro (EUR) issued by Møre Boligkreditt AS, in addition to certificates and bonds quoted in NOK issued by Sparebanken Møre. The table below provides an overview of the Group’s issued covered bonds.

As at 31.12.2022, Sparebanken Møre held NOK 0 million in covered bonds issued by Møre Boligkreditt AS (NOK 514 million, incl. accrued interest). Møre Boligkreditt AS held no own covered bonds as at 31.12.2022 (NOK 0 million).

The proportion of equity certificates held by foreign nationals was 2.6 per cent at the end of the 4^th quarter of 2022.

During the 4th quarter of 2022, Sparebanken Møre has purchased 30.000 of its own ECs.

No events have occurred after the reporting period that will materially affect the figures presented as of 31 December 2022.