Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised in the balance sheet at the date when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A financial asset is derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or the company transfers the financial asset in such a way that risk and profit potential of the financial asset is substantially transferred. Financial liabilities are derecognised from the date when the rights to the contractual provisions have been extinguished, cancelled or expired.
CLASSIFICATION
The Group’s portfolio of financial instruments is at initial recognition classified in accordance with IAS 39. The bank’s classes of financial instruments and the measurement basis for these are the following:
• Financial assets and derivatives held for trading purposes (trading portfolio)
• Financial assets and liabilities assessed at fair value, any changes in value being recognised in the profit and loss account
• Financial instruments assessed as held available for sale at fair value, any changes in value recognised in other comprehensive income
• Loans and receivables
• Financial assets and liabilities assessed at amortised cost
Financial assets and derivatives held for trading
The Group's criteria for the classification of the trading portfolio are the following:
• Positions in financial instruments held for the Group’s own account for the purpose of selling on and/or financial instruments acquired by the Group in order to take advantage on a short-term basis of any actual and/or expected differences between purchase- and sale prices or any other price- and interest rate fluctuations.
• Positions held by the Group in order to hedge other parts of the trading portfolio
• Other commitments which are related to positions which form part of the trading portfolio
The Group’s trading portfolio is defined within this group and is assessed at fair value through profit or loss.
Financial assets and liabilities assessed at fair value, any changes in value recognised through profit or loss
The Group’s portfolio of fixed interest rate loans and -deposits, and the liquidity portfolio, are classified at fair value, with any changes in value being included in the profit and loss account, since these portfolios are managed based on fair value.
Losses and gains as a result of value changes of those assets and liabilities which are assessed at fair value, with any value changes being recognised in the profit and loss account, are included in the accounts during the period in which they occur.
Instruments held as available for sale, assessed at fair value, with any value changes shown in other comprehensive income
The Group’s portfolio of shares, which are not classified as held for trading, are classified as available for sale, with any value changes shown in other comprehensive income. Realised gains and losses, as well as impairment, are recognised in the profit and loss account during the period in which they occur.
Loans and receivables
All loans and receivables, including leasing, but with the exception of fixed interest rate loans, are assessed at amortised cost, based on expected cash flows. The difference between the issue cost of the securities and the settlement amount at maturity, is amortised over the lifetime of the loan.
Financial liabilities assessed at amortised cost
Debt securities, including debt securities included in fair value hedging, loans and deposits from credit institutions and deposits from customers without agreed maturity, are valued at amortised cost based on expected cash flows. The portfolio of own bonds is shown in the accounts as a reduction of debt.